Adolescent Girls :: essays research papers

This study examined the perceived role of three types of sociocultural agents (peers, p arents, and media) in influencing body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint in insipid girls. Participants were 577 grade 10 girls from six schools who completed questionnaires in class and had height and weight measured. Two path analyses resulted in a similar pattern. While trustworthy body size strongly predicted ideal body size and body dissatisfaction, perceived influence of multiple sociocultural agents regarding thinness also had a propose relationship with body ideal and dissatisfaction. Dietary restraint was predicted directly from body dissatisfaction and sociocultural influences. Peers, parents, and media varied in their perceived influence. The findings support the idea that those girls who show the close to body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint live in a subculture supporting a thin ideal and encouraging dieting.Body concerns and/or dieting behaviors are reported by mast a dolescent girls (Paxton et at, 1991 Wadden, Forster, Stunkard, & Linowitz, 1989 Wertheim, Paxton, Maude, Gibbons, Szmulker, & Hillier, 1992). Although body concerns may lead to healthy eating choices and exercise in some girls, many another(prenominal) others diet despite already being a healthy weight or report using unhealthy methods such as fasting or vomiting (Paxton et al., 1991 Wadden et al., 1989 Wertheim et al., 1992). These latter behaviors are of concern since longitudinal studies suggest that dieting in adolescence is a risk factor for the development of eating disorder symptoms (Killen et al., 1994 Leon, Fulkerson, Perry, & Early-Zaid, 1995 Patton, Johnson-Sabine, Wood, Mann, & Wakeling, 1990).Most theories of dieting, body image, and eating disorders set apart a major role to sociocultural factors (Levine & Smolak, 1992 Stice, 1994), such as the media. There has been a trend in the media, over several decades, for smaller ideal pistillate body size despite increases in the actual body size of young women (ODea, 1995). These findings have led to the idea that body dissatisfaction results from the discrepancy between a females actual body size and an ideal size strongly influenced by images in the media.Indeed, larger girls (those farthest from media ideals) report more dieting and body dissatisfaction, and many normal-weight girls also diet and report dissatisfaction (Huon, 1994 Patton et al., 1990 Paxton et al., 1991 Wadden et al.

Seperation Of Church From State Essay example -- essays research paper

Separation Of Church And StateThe separation of the state from the church has been present in the constitution ever since it was written. The first amendment relates to a citizens independence. This immunity does not only allow this practice speech but on thought as well. It states Congress shall make no rectitude respecting an establishment of devotion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. (Barton, America To p.15). When the constitution was formed society in general belonged to Orthodox Christian. John Quincy Adams, in a speech on July 4,1837 asked the crowd, Why is it, that next to the natal day of the Savior of the World, your most joyous and venerated festival returns on this day? He goes on to explain the important ties between the natal day of the nation and the birthday of Jesus Christ. He says that the Declaration of Independence was first organized on the foundation of Jesus mission on Earth, and that the Declaration laid the radix of human government upon the fir st precepts of Christianity. Adams stressed that the major impact of the Revolution was that Christian principles and civil government were connected in an indissoluble bond. (Barton, Americas p.17) Other establishment Fathers were very outspoken about Christian beliefs. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and one of the men most responsible for the Constitution declared, Providence(heaven) has condition to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest, of our Christian nation to select and prefer Christian rulers. (Barton, Americas p.8) The justness always stated the seperation of the two, the authentic limitation was in its implementation in the cases of Everson v. Board of Education and Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court uses Jefferson and Madisons Virginia Statute, a bill that both men pushed in Virginia legislature, as a basis for the intent of the 1st Amendment. Jefferson and Madison pushed for the Virgi nia Bill for Religious Liberty, also called the Virginia Statute. In 1978 a few lawyers got together and considered a constitutional law. The original law said that public school teachers in grades 1-6 "shall announce that a period of silence, not to exceed one minute, shall be observed for meditation." This law did not domesticate for long, because it still allowed oral prayer in public high schools. Later in 198... ...ft andRight Relentlessly Censor Each Other. New York Harper collins Publisher, 1992. 345Wyatt, Robert O. Free Expression and the American Public A Survey CommemoratingThe 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87.Free Expression and the American Public A Survey Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87.United States. Natl. Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America Amendment I. Trans. Lowi, Theodore J. Ameri can establishment Incomplete Conquest. Illinois Dryden press, 1976. A24"School Board Bans Open Forums to Prohibit a Student Group Prayer."Christ Today(February 1, 1985) 48-49.Bosmajian, Haig. "To Pray or Not to Pray"The human-centred Magazine,(January/February, 198 5) 13-17.Gest, Ted. "What High Court Heard About School Prayer."U.S. News,(December 17,1984) 71.Lewis, C. Anne. "Creeping Religiosity and Federal Education Policy."PHI DeltaKappan,(November, 1984) 163-164.Roberts, Fransis. "The Uproar Over Sch ool Prayer."Parents,(January 18,1985)55-57. Seperation Of Church From State Essay cause -- essays research paper Separation Of Church And StateThe separation of the state from the church has been present in the constitution ever since it was written. The first amendment relates to a citizens freedom. This freedom does not only allow this practice speech but on thought as well. It states Congress shall make no law respecting a n establishment of holiness or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. (Barton, America To p.15). When the constitution was formed society in general belonged to Orthodox Christian. John Quincy Adams, in a speech on July 4,1837 asked the crowd, Why is it, that next to the birthday of the Savior of the World, your most joyous and venerated festival returns on this day? He goes on to explain the important ties between the birthday of the nation and the birthday of Jesus Christ. He says that the Declaration of Independence was first organized on the foundation of Jesus mission on Earth, and that the Declaration laid the al-Qaeda of human government upon the first precepts of Christianity. Adams stressed that the major impact of the Revolution was that Christian principles and civil government were connected in an indissoluble bond. (Barton, Americas p.17) Other open up Fathers were very outspoken about Christian beliefs. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and one of the men most responsible for the Constitution declared, Providence(heaven) has presumption to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest, of our Christian nation to select and prefer Christian rulers. (Barton, Americas p.8) The law always stated the seperation of the two, the real(a) limitation was in its implementation in the cases of Everson v. Board of Education and Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court uses Jefferson and Madisons Virginia Statute, a bill that both men pushed in Virginia legislature, as a basis for the intent of the 1st Amendment. Jefferson and Madison pushed for the Virginia Bill for Religious Liberty, also called the Virginia Statute. In 1978 a few lawyers got together and considered a constitutional law. The original law said that public school teachers in grades 1-6 "shall announce that a period of silence, not to exceed one minute, shall be observed for meditation." This law did not unravel fo r long, because it still allowed oral prayer in public high schools. Later in 198... ...ft andRight Relentlessly Censor Each Other. New York Harper collins Publisher, 1992. 345Wyatt, Robert O. Free Expression and the American Public A Survey CommemoratingThe 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87.Free Expression and the American Public A Survey Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87.United States. Natl. Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America Amendment I. Trans. Lowi, Theodore J. American organisation Incomplete Conquest. Illinois Dryden press, 1976. A24"School Board Bans Open Forums to Prohibit a Student Group Prayer."Christ Today(February 1, 1985) 48-49.Bosmajian, Haig. "To Pray or Not to Pray"The humanist Magazine,(January/February, 198 5) 13-17.Gest, Ted. "What High Court Heard About School Prayer.& quotU.S. News,(December 17,1984) 71.Lewis, C. Anne. "Creeping Religiosity and Federal Education Policy."PHI DeltaKappan,(November, 1984) 163-164.Roberts, Fransis. "The Uproar Over Sch ool Prayer."Parents,(January 18,1985)55-57.

Shakespeares The Tempest - Miranda :: Tempest essays

The Character of Miranda in The Tempest The use of Miranda in The Tempest is extremely compelling for two reasons. initiatory and foremost it is important to none that the Miranda is the only female character who appears in the entire play. This is the only Shakespeare play where a character has this kind of outstanding distinction. This is non just a fluke on the part of Shakespeare, for it is very important that the character of Miranda appear by herself. The reader is not able to compare her spectator and virtue to any other female in the sphere of The Tempest, and this serves both to show her value as a character and the fact that no other living women has the virtue of Miranda. While Miranda may not have many outstanding lines or solioquys, she makes up for this in sheer presence alone. Mirandas character encompasses all the elements of perfectionism and goodness which is lacking in all the other respective characters. All of the other characters in The Tempest are reflect ed by Miranda, and even if she did not speak one line she would still serve this important purpose. Secondly, Miranda also serves as the ultimate fantasy for any male who (like Ferdinand) is a bachelor. She is extremely beautiful, she is intelligent, and she has neer been touched (or even seen) by another male. Shakespeare makes Miranda even more desirable by including the fact that she has never seen or even talked to another man (with the obvoius exclusion of Prospero). Miranda personifies the ultimate source of good in the play, and provides the ultimate foil for the evil character of Caliban. When Ferdinand is forced to chop wood by Prospero, Miranda offers to do it for him. Finding a woman this humble in the world of Shakespeare is almost impossible. One does not have to look farther than her last line in the play to form her purpose in the plot. Miranda states O wonder / How many goodly creatures there are here / How beauteous mankind is O brave new world / That has such pe ople int (Tempest,5.1,185-7) Through this passage and many of her others Miranda shows a positive attitude which is almost uncanny when compared to the other characters.

A Good Man is Hard to Find :: A Good Man is Hard to Find

I think that Flannery OConnors short theme A Good Man is Hard to Find is written partially in order to convert people who have not yet richly accepted the saviourian faith. OConner, herself being a strong believer in Christianity, probably thought that writing this story will help straighten out people who arnt authentically living by the Christian rules to seriously consider doing so. Flannery OConnor was deeply concerned with the values and the direction of the youth at the time. She believed that Christ was no longer enough of a priority to the people of her generation. "A Good Man is Hard to Find" is representative of Flannery OConnors concern for the priorities and values of the 1940s. An event of this, in "A Good Man is Hard to Find," involves the grandmothers strong, southern heritage. She dresses with the intention that anyone who finds her dead on the road will know she was a lady, and she is always weighty stories of southern gentlemen courting her. Then, the Misfit, whom she "knows" is of quality, southern blood, shoots her and her family, despite her belief in southern hospitality. Grandma is a woman who believes in God, but it seems that her belief isnt really strong up until her confrontation with the Misfit. From what I understand, most of her works follow a similar pattern. The main character(s) are in some kind of flurry and at the end they see the light of Gods ways and have their redemption. Christians have often criticized her works for being immoral but in actuality she uses these extreme situations and portrayals to express the power of God in a positive light. The immoral character of the Misfit is very skillfully portrayed, as is the enlightened character of Grandma. more or less of the characters in A Good Man is Hard to Find and, probably her other works, go through some kind of methamorphosis, a change in their views of the world and in their perceptions about life and death. Such character in thi s particular story is Grandma and, in my opinion, the Misfit. I think that the Misfit is constantly experiencing a deep inner struggle and this is revealed in his conversation with Grandma. Of course, OConners skillful portrayal of his helps the reader to detect some obscure details of the Misfits behavior, which are key elements in determining the Misfits state of mind.

Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries Essay -- Knowledge Manageme

Introduction familiarity has become a key resource in the present information and fellowship era. Knowledge focusing is a archetype that has emerged explosively in business organizations during the 20th century. The application of knowledge centering has now spread to other organizations as well including academic libraries. Knowledge management has been regarded as strategically important for organizations to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors, to add value to their products and to win greater satisfaction from their customers. Knowledge management is as important for libraries as for business. However in academic libraries there will be the absence of competition and money making concern. As it is already known libraries have had a long and rich experience in the management of information. Much of such knowledge and skills of librarianship can be applied to knowledge management. But unfortunately libraries with the exception of special libraries have not paid much attention to knowledge management. However, the environment in which academic libraries operate now is changing. Knowledge management is a viable means in which academic libraries could improve their services in the knowledge economy. According to David Blair, Knowledge management is not so much the management of tangible assets such as data or information, but the active management and support of expertise. Expertise exists in people and much of this kind of knowledge is tacit rather than explicit. Some of it is expressible and some of it is not. Knowledge is always restricted to people and validated in the context of application. A well-known distinction in this respect is that between explicit and tacit knowledge. Basically, tacit knowledge i... .... Knowledge Management Hype, Hope or Help? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53 (12)1019-1028.2.Broadbeht, Marianne (1996). The Phenomenon of Knowledge Management WhatDoes it Mean to the In formation Profession?http//www.sla.org/pubs/serial/io/1998/broadben.html3.Kim, Seonghee (1999). The Role of Knowledge Professionals for Knowledge Management. 65th IFLA Council General Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, stately 20-28. http//archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/042-115e.htm4.Shanhong, Tang (2000). Knowledge Management in Libraries in the 21st Century. 66th IFLA Council and General Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, August 13-18.http//cdigital.uv.mx/bitstream/123456789/6221/2/Shanhong.pdf5.Townley. C.T. (2001). Knowledge Management and Academic Libraries. College & Research Libraries, 62(1) 44-55.

Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay -- Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism in The commodious Gatsby Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby has more relevance in todays society than it did when it was written. With the recent societal trend that emphasizes lack of morals and material wealth over a meaning(prenominal) existence, Fitzgeralds message really hits home. Which is more important - money or love? Social status or being true to oneself? Fitzgerald uses metaphor and symbols to bang-up effect in order to illustrate what can happen when the pursuit of happiness becomes warped (by American ideals) into the pursuit of money. One of the major symbols in the unexampled is the color green. Green represents the hopes and dreams of people striving to accomplish the American dream of wealth and glory. Green is the color of money and is often used to purvey the concept of wealth, especially with reference to Gatsby. Whenever Gatsbys mansion is described there is always mention of the color green. His house is surrounded by a large green lawn or t he green ivy which grows on his house. The interior of his car is described as a sort of green leather conservatory ... ...arning and take a scrap look to determine what is truly fulfilling in life. Works Cited Bewley, Marius. Scott Fitzgeralds Criticism of America. In Modern Critical Interpretations The Great Gatsby. edited by Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers. 1986. 11-27. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner Classic, 1986. McAdams, Tony. The Great Gatsby An Examination of Metaphor and Symbolism. In Readings on The Great Gatsby. edited by Katie de Koster. San Diego, California Greenhaven Press. 1998. 111-120.

Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay -- Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby has more than relevance in todays society than it did when it was written. With the recent societal trend that emphasizes lack of morals and material wealth over a meaningful existence, Fitzgeralds message really hits home. Which is more important - money or love? Social status or being true to oneself? Fitzgerald uses metaphor and symbols to great effect in order to garnish what can happen when the pursuit of happiness becomes warped (by American ideals) into the pursuit of money. One of the major symbols in the novel is the color green. Green represents the hopes and dreams of people melodic line to accomplish the American dream of wealth and glory. Green is the color of money and is often used to purvey the concept of wealth, especially with reference to Gatsby. Whenever Gatsbys mansion is set forth there is always mention of the color green. His house is surrounded by a large green lawn or the green ivy whic h grows on his house. The internal of his car is described as a sort of green leather conservatory ... ...arning and take a second look to determine what is truly fulfilling in life. Works Cited Bewley, Marius. Scott Fitzgeralds Criticism of America. In Modern Critical Interpretations The Great Gatsby. edited by Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers. 1986. 11-27. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner Classic, 1986. McAdams, Tony. The Great Gatsby An Examination of fable and Symbolism. In Readings on The Great Gatsby. edited by Katie de Koster. San Diego, California Greenhaven Press. 1998. 111-120.